Traditional Perang Sampit is now heavily regulated, with modern iterations designed to prioritize safety. Competitions are held on designated arenas ( gelanggang ), where participants use dulled sampit and protective gear. The match begins with a ceremonial prayer, followed by a test of reflexes—competitors often wait for a signal before engaging. Unlike historical accounts, contemporary matches avoid life-threatening strikes, focusing instead on parries, feints, and non-lethal techniques. Spectators are drawn to the choreographed display, blending martial artistry with theatrical flair.
Critics have long debated the ethics of Perang Sampit. Human rights organizations and some Indonesian authorities argue that the practice glorifies violence, particularly in a globalized age. A 2022 incident in Sumbawa, where a duel led to a serious injury despite safety measures, intensified calls for its ban. Conversely, proponents argue that banning the tradition erases cultural identity, comparing it to the controversy surrounding bullfighting or capoeira.
The roots of Perang Sampit trace back to the 19th and 20th centuries, emerging as a means of local conflict resolution and martial prowess in pre-colonial Indonesia. Historically, these fights were not mere spectacles but acts of bravery, showcasing physical skill and honoring ancestral traditions. Over time, they became integrated into communal celebrations, particularly during festivals such as Sasak harvest events or Islamic religious ceremonies. The practice is often linked to local legends, such as disputes between villages or stories of heroism in resisting colonization.